UPDATE: Text of tentative climate deal
Latest from Copenhagen: the text from the tentative climate deal created by President Obama and leaders of several key nations in Copenhagen today.
Below is the text from the tentative climate deal created by President Obama and leaders of several key nations in Copenhagen today.
The text was distributed as a PDF file to the news media. An optical character recognition tool was used to convert that file to text, so errors may have occurred in that process.
The Heads of State, Heads of Government, Ministers, and other heads of delegation present at the United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009 in Copenhagen,
In pursuit of the ultimate objective of the Convention as stated in its Article 2,
Being guided by the principles and provisions of the Convention,
Noting the results of work done by the two Ad hoc Working Groups,
Endorsing
decision x/CP.l5 that extends the mandate of the Ad hoc Working Group on
Long-term cooperative action and decision x/CMP.5 that requests the Ad hoc
Working Group on Further Commitments of Annex I Parties under the Kyoto
Protocol to continue its work, Have agreed on this Copenhagen Accord which is
operational immediately.
1. We
underline that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time. We
emphasise our strong political will to urgently combat climate change in
accordance with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and
respective capabilities. To achieve the ultimate objective of the Convention to
stabilize greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere at a level that would
prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, we shall,
recognizing the scientific view that the increase in global temperature below 2
degrees, on the basis of equity and in the context of sustainable development,
enhance our long-term cooperative action to combat climate change. We recognize
the critical impacts of climate change and the potential impacts of response
measures on countries particularly vulnerable to its adverse effects and stress
the need to establish a comprehensive adaptation programme including
international support.
2. We agree that
deep cuts in global emissions are required according to science, and as
documented by the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report with a view to reduce global
emissions by 50 per cent in 2050 below 1990 levels,taking into account the
right to equitable access to atmospheric space. We should cooperate in
achieving the peaking of global and national emissions as soon as possible,
recognizing that the time frame for peaking will be longer in developing
countries and bearing in mind that social and economic development and poverty
eradication are the first and overriding priorities of developing countries and
that a low-emission development strategy is indispensable to sustainable
development.
3. Adaptation
to the adverse effects of climate change and the potential impacts of response
measures is a challenge faced by all countries. Enhanced action and
international cooperation on adaptation is urgently required to enstue the
implementation of the Convention by enabling and supporting the implementation
of adaptation actions aimed at reducing vulnerability and building resilience
in developing countries, especially in those that are particularly vulnerable,
especially least developed countries, small island developing States and
tiuther taking into account the need of countries in Africa affected by
drought, desertification and floods. We agree that developed countries shall
provide adequate, predictable and sustainable financial resources, technology
and capacity-building to support the implementation of adaptation action in
developing countries.
4. Annex I
Parties to the Convention commit to reducing their emissions individually or
jointly by at least 80 per cent by 2050. They also commit to implement
individually or jointly the quantified economy-wide emissions targets for 2020
as listed in appendix l, yielding in aggregate reductions of greenhouse gas
emissions of X per cent in 2020 compared to 1990 and Y per cent in 2020
compared to 2005. Annex I Parties that are Party to the Kyoto Protocol will
thereby further strengthen the emissions reductions initiated by the Kyoto
Protocol. Delivery of reductions and financing by developed countries will be
measured, reported and verified in accordance with existing and any further
guidelines adopted by the Conference of Parties, and will ensure that
accounting of such targets and finance is rigorous, robust and transparent.
5. Non-Annex I Parties to the Convention will implement mitigation
actions, including those listed in appendix II, consistent with Article 4.1 and
Article 4.7 and in the context of sustainable development. Mitigation actions
subsequently taken and envisaged by Non Annex I Parties shall be communicated
through national communications consistent with Article l2.1(b) every two years
on the basis of guidelines to be adopted by the Conference of the Parties.
Those mitigation actions in national communications or othenavise communicated
to the Secretariat will be added to the list in appendix II. Mitigation actions
taken by Non Parties will be subject to their domestic measurement, reporting
and verification the result of which will be reported through their national
communications every two years. Non Amiex I Parties will provide biennial
national inventory reports in accordance with revised guidelines adopted by the
Conference of the Parties. [Consideration to be inserted US and Chinal.
Nationally appropriate mitigation actions seeking international support will be
recorded in a registry along with relevant technology, finance and capacity
building support. Those actions supported will be added to the list in appendix
II. These supported nationally appropriate mitigation actions will be subject
to intemational measurement, reporting and verification in accordance with
guidelines adopted by the Conference ofthe Parties.
6. We
recognize the crucial role of reducing emission irom deforestation and forest
degradation and the need to enhance removals of greenhouse gas emission by
forests and agree on the need to provide positive incentives to such actions
through the immediate establishment of a mechanism including REDD-plus, to
enable the mobilization of financial resources from developed countries.
7. We decide
to ptusue various approaches, including opportunities to use markets, to
enhance the cost-effectiveness of; and to promote mitigation actions.
Developing countries, especially those with low emitting economies should be
provided incentives to continue to develop on a low emission pathway.
8. Scaled up,
new and additional, predictable and adequate fimding as well as improved access
shall be provided to developing countries, in accordance with the relevant
provisions of the Convention, to enable and support enhanced action on
mitigation, including substantial finance to prevent deforestation (REDD-plus),
adaptation, teclmology development and transfer and capacity-building, for
enhanced implementation of the Convention. The collective commitment by
developed countries is to provide new and additional resources amounting to 30
billion dollars for the period 2010 - 2012 as listed in appendix lll with
balanced allocation between adaptation and mitigation, including forestry.
Funding for adaptation will be prioritized for the most vulnerable developing
countries, such as the least developed countries, small island developing
states and countries in Africa affected by drought, desertification and floods.
In the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on
implementation, developed countries support a goal of mobilizing jointly 100
billion dollars a year by 2020 to address the needs of developing countries.
This funding will come from a wide variety of sources, public and private,
bilateral and multilateral, including altemative sources of finance. New
multilateral funding for adaptation will be delivered through effective and
efficient fund arrangements, with a governance structure providing for equal
representation of developed and developing countries.
9. To this end, a High Level Panel will be established under the guidance of and accountable to the Conference of the Parties to assess the contribution of the potential sources of revenue, including alternative sources of finance, towards meeting this goal.
10. We decide that the Copenhagen Climate Fund shall be established as an operating entity of the financial mechanism of the Convention to support projects, programmes, policies and other activities in developing cotmtries related to mitigation including REDD-plus, adaptation, capacity- building, technology development and transfer as set forth in decision -/CP.l 5.
ll. In order to enhance action on development and transfer of technology we decide to establish a Technology Mechanism as set forth in decision -/CP.l5 to accelerate technology development and transfer in support of action on adaptation and mitigation that will be guided by a country-driven approach and be based on national circumstances and priorities.
12. We call
for a review of this Accord and its implementation to be completed by 2016,
including in light of the Convention’s ultimate objective. This review would
include consideration of strengthening the long-tenn goal to limit the increase
in global average temperature to 1.5 degrees.